Their rule over the planet lasted around 150 million years. It was only 66 million years ago that this suddenly came to an end: the dinosaurs dominated most of the planet’s ecosystems for an astonishingly long time before an asteroid impact off the coast of what is now Mexico and extreme volcanism destroyed their livelihoods globally. Only the birds that evolved from theropod dinosaurs survived. And so it is that today’s chickens and ostriches are considered the closest living relatives of T. rex.