The recent excavations at the Historical Historical Archaeological Site, included in the preliminary list of UNESCO World Heritage, allowed the discovery of rare mosaic plates and stained glass fragments, dated, according to estimates, from the 5th century, which makes some of the most old examples known in the region.
It is assumed that these remarkable artifacts decorated an imposing cathedral – an important architectural landmark of one of the oldest settlements in the world.
According to Professor Mehmet Önal, the director of the Faculty of Archeology of the University of Harran, recent and rare discoveries, made during the ruins of the cathedral, provides valuable information about the architectural design of this historical edifice.
The Önal professor emphasized the importance of this discovery, declaring: “This is not an ordinary basilica. With a length of over 50 meters, we classify it as Harran Cathedral – a significantly larger construction than a standard church. ”
The cathedral, located 200 meters north of the famous Harran Ulu mosque, has revealed significant parts of its northern ship, walls and capitals of master -carved columns. Also, archaeologists have discovered three rare doors, which open to the north, further highlighting the architectural significance of the edifice.
The team of archaeologists has identified a series of remarkable artifacts, including golden tessers – small mosaic fragments, known for their use in creating impressive mural decorations. These fragments, discovered in the arches and vaults of the cathedral, indicate a sophisticated level of ornamentation, which suggests that the whole structure was adorned with a special artistic decoration, highlighting its artistic and architectural importance.
The Önal professor emphasized the discovery of the tessers from the golden glass mosaic, used in the construction of the walls, arches and vaults of the cathedral, mentioning that previously there were also found brick vaults. He also expressed his optimism regarding the discovery of floor mosaics, stating: “Given that Harran is closely related to the prophet Abraham and is considered his hometown, we expect to find representations of Abraham in mosaics.”
Art experts studied artifacts, including colored glass fragments mounted in plaster, classifying them as stained glass. The Önal teacher mentioned that his team’s assessments indicate that these discoveries can be some of the earliest examples in the region.
“Our analysis shows that this church is one of the first Byzantines in the area, and these stained glass windows are considered the oldest in the region, dating from the 5th century. Therefore, the first examples of colored glass in this region can be observed here, ”he explained.
The fragments of blue, green and purple stained glass windows have most likely made part of the cathedral windows.
During the excavations, a collection of glass artifacts, including ornamented vessels, was also discovered, which are believed to be used for baptism or for the transport of sanctified water.
Professor Önal emphasized the historical importance of the cathedral, stating that this represents a true treasure of history, and each discovered artifact contributes to a better understanding of the role of Harran during the early Christianity and its artistic heritage.
In conclusion, the excavations in progress at the Harran archaeological site continue to bring to light essential artifacts, which provide a perspective on the rich historical and cultural heritage of the region. The discoveries, including the vessels ornamented from glass and ancient mosaics, not only extend our knowledge about the role of Harran in early Christianity, but also underline its artistic legacy. As the team of archaeologists continue their research, new discoveries are expected that will contribute to the understanding of this remarkable site and its influence on the history of the region.
