Many of us Brazilians have stories to tell about how our families arrived here. Brazil is a country formed by several waves of migration. Over the centuries, people from different parts of the world have sought refuge here, running away from hunger, wars, persecutions, environmental disasters and poverty in search of a better and more dignified life. Moreover, it is essential to emphasize that millions of Africans were forcibly brought to centuries and, despite the brutal conditions, remained and contributed to the formation of the country.
If immigration has shaped several countries, why do we observe one? The determinants of the attitudes of part of the natives in relation to immigration may be associated with economic, cultural or crime issues. According to the article “” by Alberto Alessina and Marco Tabellini, the fear that haunts the natives lies in the possibility of immigrants “stealing” their jobs or reducing their salaries.
However, the authors show that much of the literature on the effects of immigration on the labor market has no significant negative impact or even identifies a positive effect. Even when there is a negative impact, it tends to be short -lived and concentrated among workers with less education. Another fear associated with immigration is the possible increase in public spending and overloading educational and health systems. However, these same immigrants also contribute to the economy, increasing productivity and generating income, which in turn results in taxes to finance government spending.
The cultural issue gains strength in the discourses of anti-immigration politicians, especially when certain groups present cultural differences in relation to the host country. There is a fear of the local population that these groups would not assimilate. In general, greater contact between groups, and less segregation could help reduce negative prejudices and stereotypes. Finally, there is the issue of violence. Evidence indicates that, in general, immigrants do not contribute to increased crime in countries that receive them, especially considering violent crimes. Often immigrants are the victims of violence.
In the early 20th century, foreigners represented approximately 6% of the Brazilian population. Today, this proportion is much smaller. According to United Nations data, the proportion of immigrants in Brazil was 0.4% in 2000 and rose to 0.7% of the population in 2024. This increase is probably linked to recent migratory waves observed in the country.
Brazil received thousands of E, and it is no longer uncommon to find them, for example, in the city of São Paulo occupying formal jobs. However, the country has the potential to attract much more. To become a more attractive destination, it is essential to improve economic growth rates. New migratory waves oxygenate the economy, as immigrants come to win and many become entrepreneurs. On average, they take on more risks. In addition, they contribute to mitigating the effects of the fall in the fertility rate on the economy, which, as I mentioned in the column, is still declining in Brazil. Society could – and should – make an effort to attract new migratory flows.
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