First deputy in South America, Carlota Pereira de Queiroz was the only woman to sign the other 252 constituents. It opened the doors for the female occupation of the political-institutional space-a acquired right, but even today not fully exercised, since.
Daughter of José Pereira de Queiroz and Maria de Azevedo Pereira de Queiroz, she was born in São Paulo in 1892. Her family belonged to the elite. He had farmers, politicians and one of the founders of the newspaper A Province of São Paulo (present -day The State of S. Paulo).
Carlota was a student of the secondary school of the Normal School of the Capital, at, and graduated in November 1909.
Despite being interested in, he began his career at, as a teacher and director.
It remained in the area for more than ten years. “At that time, there was still no climate for a woman to take a medical course, to attend college classes,” said a profile of his published in 1952 in Sheet.
Carlota faced the opposition of his family to take the course, but the work gave him economic independence to study medicine.
He graduated in 1926 and specialized with research on. Then he worked with pediatrics and did a second specialization in hematology, a new formation at that time.
It was the third honorary woman of the National Academy of Medicine in 1942. He also founded the Brazilian Academy of Medical Women, of which he was president from 1961 to 1967.
Queiroz gained political projection during, when he organized a group of 700 women, with the support of the Red Cross, to assist the injured in battle.
In the call for the 1933 constituent elections, his name was recommended with the support of groups that participated in the movement. It was the first election with and, according to the Superior Electoral Court.
Campaign organizers use their network of associations, female and charitables to publicize and inform women about electoral participation, according to historian Mônica Raisa Schpun, from the School of Altos Studies in Social Sciences in France.
Queiroz was elected deputy in 1933. As he was the only woman in the legislature, there was expectation on the part of the feminist movement that she would help make the causes of the movement advance. But the pioneer had other priorities linked to her luggage in medicine and education, and not agreeing with some of the claims, says Schpun.
“Carlota was certainly a woman of her time, a conservative woman, but not necessarily the proposals of the feminist movement were totally progressive,” says the historian.
One of the differences, he explains, is that Queiroz thought women should be on equal situations with men. Already some feminists advocated different treatment to them by the role of mother, leaving them exempt, for example, of military service.
You can’t say it was antipheminist, says Schpun. “Carlota was the tip of the spear. But she carried this familiar pride, so she never recognized the tremendous misogyny faced as the only woman in Congress.”
As a constitutionalist parliamentary, the doctor participated in the work of the Commission of Education and Health, preparing the first project on the creation of social services in Brazil. He was also a spokesman for the defense of literacy in the country. In 1934, he was reelected deputy.
His participation opened doors for other women to apply. In the 1934 constituent state elections in São Paulo, two women were elected, says José d’Amico Bauab, from the Electoral Memory Center of the São Paulo Regional Electoral Court.
Carlota’s mandate ended the coup that gave rise to the Estado Novo in 1937. She fought for redemocratization and ran at the end of the period as deputy in the 1945 elections by the National Democratic Union, but was not elected.
After the political career, the pioneer returned to clinical practice. He died on April 17, 1982 at the age of 90.
In its name, the House of Representatives created the diploma-citizen woman Carlota Pereira de Queiroz, who honors five women who contributed to the defense of women’s rights and gender issues.
“Having Carlota as a first woman immediately after female vote was very important for us to open doors to all of us who came later,” says Mrs Ana Pimentel (-), head of the House Women’s Rights Defense Commission, responsible for the prize.
As part of the initiative all, the sheet presents women with
