They do not bloom, but they will certainly be interested when looking closely. Come and get to know small ferns, which grow wild in our country. You can also use them in the garden, especially in Skalka.
The art of creating a piece of alpine nature in the garden lies in a non -violent combination of smaller more or less horizontal pads with rock gaps. Real alpinemakers choose the smallest bunny plants. For rock slots, however, are looking for suitable plant species worse, especially if the place is shielded. This is where the smallest of ferns can help.
Red spleen
(Asplenium trichomanes)
The fern has a pillow -spread leaf rosette growing from a short richly spicy rhine. Its leaves are divided and about 20 cm long, usually hibernating. If you are looking for why the generic name is red, look at the brown reddish petiole. Thus, the red spleen just differs from other spleen, which are rare and also harder to grow. The overall expansion is large, occurs in convenient climatic conditions of the whole northern hemisphere.
In our country, this ferns are quite abundant from lowlands to high to the mountains. It grows in rock slots and sits on various rocks, but more often on limestones. The red spleen grows at first glance in a quite dry environment, but it is not quite. Under the stones, moisture has been maintained for a long time.
Spleen
(Begonia Ruta-muraria)
At first glance, the fine herb does not resemble ferns. Strongly divided greying green hibernating leaves are in dense bun, whose height is only about 10 cm. The spores on the reverse of the leaves are luxurious. This spleen is also extended in the large area of the northern hemisphere.
The species occurs quite often in our country, but it is quite strictly tied to limestones, dolomites. There are relatively few in the Czech Republic. However, the plant is quite sufficient for lime mortar in the masonry, for example, IU castle ruins.
Deer tongue
(Phyllitis scolopendrium)
You can also find a deer language or just a deer language. The leaves are not divided, they even resemble horseradish and affiliates to ferns will only reveal the spores on their reverse. As a rule, they last during the winter and until spring they are exchanged with new ones. In good conditions the plant grows to a height of about 40 cm. The occurrence area includes warmer areas of Europe and from there scattered to Japan.
In our country it grows rarely in northeast Moravia. It requires shaded wet rocks and soils with a rich humus content. It is a kind of significantly shadow -loving and high demands on air humidity. However, it is quite easy to grow.
Sleziník Kyvor
(Asplenium ceterach)
Previously, this ferns were called Medical Pendulum and were classified as a special family. Its appearance is quite exotic. Divided leaves are leathery, deep green, persistent. In the absence of moisture, the top sides are coated. The leaves form a flat rosette only about 10 cm high. It is a thermophilic plant, especially in the Mediterranean and adjacent Asia, in Western and Central Europe.
The spleen of the pendulum in our country is rare. It grows on limestone and some alkaline rocks; preferably in the shade. Compared to other ferns, it lasts a little more drought. For the winter it is advisable to cover it, perhaps with a moment.
Sweetener
(Polypodium vulgare)
This species has rigid, not too divided, horizontally bending. During the winter it usually lasts and can be up to 40 cm long. Ferly is well recognizable from a distance and often grows on the surface of moss with overgrown rocks even in large stands. It occurs especially in a slight climate actually around the world.
In our territory we find the kitchen quite abundantly, but especially in higher hills or mountains, in the lowlands it grows mainly in deep cold valleys. It prefers acid rocks, which should be taken to cultivate. Furthermore, it requires constant even moisture and quite strong shading.
Advice for cultivation
- In the spring, the ferns start to grow late, while the leaves actually unfair from the ball. It is necessary to mark the planting sites well to avoid damage.
- All ferns require watering. It is suitable to sprinkle, but not overheated. The best time for watering is early in the morning.
- Do not fertilize the ferns only if the rhizomes grow over the surface, lightly cover them with compost.
- These plants require peace and patience. Therefore, transplant them as little as possible, only if they have a corne and have small additions. Do not let the soil in the around ferns deeper.
The melts of propagation
The reproduction of ferns has long been mysterious for people. They did not see them bloom, they did not find fruits with seeds. Ferms appeared quite unexpectedly. For reproduction, the spores contained in spores, which we can see with the naked eye as brown formations. The spores are extremely small and light as dust. Air currents can reach almost everywhere, often far from continuous expansion. But only a very small part of the spores is lucky to fall in a place for their next life. Thus, especially sufficiently moist and adequately for the type of warm.
From the spore then increases the so -called. prokel reminiscent of a lupine moss and only a small fern. However, this method is lengthy and especially for several pieces of several pieces. However, the gradual growth of ferns allows them to caution. But never do this in the dry season. And proceed quickly so that the plants do not stay in the sun for a moment, because they defect quickly.
About the author
Jiří Žlebčík He’s a botanist. For decades, the research and cultivation of plants at the Silva Tarouca Research Institute for landscape and ornamental horticulture, which also includes an extremely inspiring, accessible dendrological garden. More on
