A group of volcanic islands in the North Atlantic stands out for its imposing cliffs and mineralized soils, the result of millennial eruptions. These most uninhabited islands offer intact scenarios and rare biodiversity. Its natural inaccessibility has contributed to the conservation of unique ecosystems and there will be several tarantulas.
Protected Reservations in the Madeira Archipelago
These islands are known as deserts and are southeast of Madeira, integrating the municipality of Santa Cruz. The archipelago is formed by three islets: Ilhéu Chão, deserted large and buge. Classified as a Nature Reserve since 1995, the islands have been part of Natura 2000. Their protection requires strict authorizations for entry and supervision by nature vigilantes.
For centuries, there were attempts to occupy the deserts, especially after the early Portuguese explorations in the late fourteenth century. However, the absence of drinking water and soil aridity made permanent settlements unfeasible. Already in the twentieth century, these lands went through several private hands until their acquisition by the Portuguese State, in 1971. From the 1990s onwards, the recognition of their environmental value began.
Unique species habitat
Write what the big desert Huge huge hugeconsidered the largest endemic spider in Europe. This species can reach up to 12 centimeters in diameter, being easily identified by white spots on your legs. It is known that the population surrounds the 2,000 individuals and that the totality lives confined to this island. Its survival depends on the rigorous maintenance of habitat.
Another emblematic species of the archipelago is the mediterranean seal (Monk monk), currently at critical extinction risk. In the 1990s there were only eight individuals in the region. With the reinforcement of conservation programs, the resident population in the deserts now exceeds two dozen. Constant monitoring has been essential for the recovery of this marine species.
Biodiversity oasis
The deserts are also place of nesting for various sea birds, such as the nun, the shit and the panel. These islets offer ideal conditions for the reproduction of human disturbance sensitive species. Its ornithological importance is internationally recognized. The combination of isolation and restrictions on access protects these birds during their life cycles.
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In addition to marine fauna and birds, there is a deserted flora resistant to the arid climate, consisting of species adapted to water scarcity. Among the botanical species present, many are endemic and exclusive of the region. Although discreet vegetation plays a vital role in soil retention and invertebrate feeding. Plant removal or collection is strictly prohibited.
Conditioned and regulated access
The archipelago is a conditioned access area, and prior permission is necessary for any visit. Admission is only allowed with accredited guides or environmental agents. Human activities are limited to protecting fragile ecosystems. Fishing, camping and any action that disturbs animals are interdict.
The absence of commercial infrastructures on the islands forces visitors to take proper provisions and equipment. Irregular orography can represent challenges for those who have reduced mobility. Visits are usually organized from Funchal, using specific vessels. The authorities supervise all entries to ensure compliance with environmental standards.
Ideal conditions for visit
Deserts can be visited throughout the year due to the mild climate of Madeira, however, the best period to observe seals is between September and October, when they are closer to the coast. Travels are made by catamaran or authorized private vessels and expeditions usually include fauna observation, interpretative pathways and stops in beacon.
A story of failed attempts
Although they are currently uninhabited, the islands have been considered for settlement. However, climate hardness and the absence of water sources made any colonization unfeasible. Some abandoned structures witness these old intentions and their current statute results from decades of public policies focused on environmental conservation.
Scientific Research and Protection
“Limited access allows us to study fauna and flora without compromising its natural balance,” says a biologist from the Forest Institute and Nature Conservation.
Deserts act as a natural laboratory for researchers from various areas and the collected data have contributed to the knowledge of rare species and the management of island biodiversity. Scientific work on the islands is carefully coordinated with environmental protection services.
Nature vigilantes have permanent presence in some of the islands, ensuring safety and supervision. Its work is fundamental for control of invasive species and species surveillance at risk. Coordination with researchers also allows the evaluation of changes in the ecosystem. The deserted management model is referenced as an example of effective conservation.
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