The result of great political agreements – as what united peronists and radicals in – a crack between allies in or being the fuse of a crisis in, the instrument of reelection has undergone several modifications in recent decades, with the return of democracy in most.
Currently, four countries, including Brazil, allow President to amend a new term shortly after the end of the former, but prevents more than two consecutive; Three others release the return to office only after a new government has elapsed; In two, reelection is totally prohibited; And in one of them, it is not only allowed but there is no limit – but the suitability of the elections itself is questioned.
What seems to bring the neighbors closer to the continent is that the change in the rules is always under discussion, just as it occurs now in Brazil.
On the 21st, the CCJ (Constitution and Justice Committee) approved a proposal for amendment to the Constitution that ends the reelection and in the future unifies disputes at five -year intervals. The proposal, which would still need to go through the Plenary and the House, is resistance in both houses, which makes its final approval uncertain.
The possibility of reelection was approved in Brazil in 1997, during the FHC () government, amid the vote buying scandal for the approval of the constitutional amendment, in case revealed by Sheet.
In Argentina, the instrument that allowed the president to present himself again at the polls after fulfilling his mandate is the result of the so -called Olivos Pact, the agreement signed between two historical opponents: the radicals, represented by the first agent after the return of democracy, Raúl Alfonsín, and the peronists, with the then occupant of Casa Rosada, Carlos Menem.
Since the reform of the 1994 Constitution, the mandate is no longer six years, and the president may be reelected immediately for a new period of four years. Menem, who at the time enjoyed the popularity that the parity between the dollar and the Argentine weight gave to his government, was the first politician in the country to benefit from the system.
Bolivians can bring the head of government back for another five -year consecutive mandate. Trying to extend his time on power led to a crisis that ended the former president’s resignation. He assumed in 2006 and the following year summoned a Constituent Assembly to create a new letter, which allowed only a consecutive reelection.
Justice understood that this rule applied to. Thus, Morales was elected again in 2009 and was able to reelect in 2014, completing three consecutive terms. In 2017, the country’s Constitutional Court considered the reelection “a human right” and he applied for a fourth term in 2019, but had to resign shortly thereafter.
In 2009, Chavismo was able to spend a referendum that would modify the recent history of the country, approving a constitutional amendment that ended the reelection limit for public office in.
With this, Hugo Chávez was able to compete in a third term in 2012. His death in 2013 would inaugurate the arrival of Nicolás Maduro to power. Maduro has just started, in January this year, his third term, after being declared a winner in.
The population of Ecuador chose to abolish the indefinite reelection system ,.
The president’s unlimited return to office had been approved by the Correa government in 2015 to be worth six years later, not benefiting him at first.
Three years later, Lenin Moreno, son of Correism who broke with the political godfather, summoned a referendum to change the rule. It is currently possible to govern for four years and then for four more.
and have a curious kind of reelection. Its constitutions state that a president cannot be again agent immediately after the end of the period for which he was elected. However, you can expect a new term to complete and apply again. It is the so -called non -consecutive reelection.
After the return to democracy, both the Chilean leader Michelle Bachelet (2006-2010 and 2014-2018) and the directo sebastián Piñera (2010-2014 and 2018-2022) ahead of La Moneda Palace. In Uruguay, this also happened to leftist doctor Tabaré Vázquez, who was 39th (2005-2010) and 41st (2015-2020) President of the East Republic.
In 2015, the congress of eliminated the possibility of presidential reelection of the country’s constitution. The instrument had been created in 2004 to benefit then-President Álvaro Uribe and allowed him to rule for two four-year periods (2002-2010).
The Colombians went further in the restrictions: the return of reelection can only occur through a referendum or a constituent assembly and cannot be elected president who has held positions at the top of power, as attorney general and commander of the Armed Forces.
The same impediment is present in the Magna Carta, where there is no reelection and the presidents alternate in five -year terms. However, the Colorado Party dominates the executive and has not been in the presidency in recent decades during the term of Fernando Lugo and Federico Franco (2008-2013).
