Every 11 years, the sun undergoes a significant transformation, with the exchange of magnetic poles, which increases the occurrence of solar storms and, consequently, auroras.
Space meteorologists issued a warning on Tuesday (11) about the imminent arrival of severe solar storms, which could generate impressive and temporarily disrupt radio and GPS communications. The storms are caused by coronal mass ejections, explosions of solar energy that have affected Earth in recent days. Approaching geomagnetic storms could affect communications systems, including radio, satellite navigation and even air traffic control, according to meteorologists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the US agency responsible for monitoring space weather.
The aurora borealis, a natural light phenomenon caused by the interaction between solar particles and the Earth’s atmosphere, have become more common as the sun enters the maximum phase of its 11-year activity cycle. The intensity of visible auroras and their scope will depend on how solar flares interact with Earth’s magnetic field. According to experts, the vibrant displays can be seen in various parts of the United States and other regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
Every 11 years, the sun undergoes a significant transformation, with the exchange of magnetic poles, which increases the occurrence of solar storms and, consequently, auroras. This phenomenon has been observed with spectacular light displays in unusual locations such as Germany, the United Kingdom, New England and even New York following a powerful solar storm last year.
Solar storms, although visible and dazzling, can affect much more than the landscape. When fast particles and plasma from the sun collide with Earth’s magnetic field, they can cause serious disruption to sensitive technologies such as power grids and satellites. Additionally, they can interfere with GPS navigation systems and radio communications, especially in air traffic areas. Historically, severe solar storms have caused significant damage. In 1859, one of the largest solar storms recorded generated auroras visible even in Hawaii and caused fires on telegraph lines. In 1972, another solar event caused magnetic mines to detonate in Vietnam.
Although scientists can predict increased solar activity, it is not possible to accurately determine the timing of a solar storm months before it occurs. Therefore, experts warn authorities and potentially affected sectors to prepare in the days before the arrival of a solar flare. The current solar cycle is expected to remain active until the end of this year, with the peak of activity likely to be identified after the fact, according to estimates from NASA and NOAA.
Therefore, while colorful auroras can delight observers in unlikely locations, it is important to also be aware of the possible impacts on sensitive communications and technologies. Monitoring space weather will continue to be essential to anticipate and minimize the effects of solar storms.
*With information from Estadão Conteúdo
