COP30 ended in Belém with significant gains for the global climate architecture and an important leap in the number of NDCs, the Nationally Determined Contributions provided for in the Paris Agreement.
According to the conference’s CEO, Ana Toni, the event began with 94 NDCs delivered and concluded with 122 NDCs, reinforcing the international commitment to limit warming to 1.5°C.
At the end of the session, the next venue for negotiations was also confirmed: .
Despite the official closure, Brazil continues to lead the COP30 presidency for another 11 months, a period in which it will have to lead the preparation of the road map to accelerate the transition from fossil fuels and strengthen zero deforestation policies.
According to the president of COP30, André Corrêa do Lago, the country will now have a technical and strategic role:
“We are going to develop work with the highest quality analysis of this effort to move away from fossil fuels. An idea that came from Dubai. We are going to start by inviting the largest energy entities in the world and organize this information, so that in a short period of 11 months we can deliver a substantive, neutral and balanced document, which presents the data with a new way of observing the economy.”
What was approved?
With the approval of 29 texts, a result built by the consensus of 129 countries, including central points on adaptation, mitigation, climate financing and implementation.
There was also progress in the Action Agenda, with the registration of 120 acceleration plans, which will guide public policies and sectoral actions to reduce emissions and strengthen climate resilience.
One of the most celebrated aspects of the event was the leap forward in the Adaptation Agenda, highlighted by Ana Toni as “much superior to previous conferences”.
With the adoption of unprecedented global indicators, countries will now have a common tool to measure vulnerabilities, climate impacts and adaptation progress.
The expectation is that the next COPs will present more robust adaptation plans, with clear monitoring and verifiable goals.
The Minister of the Environment, Marina Silva, highlighted the progress, but stated that the ambition could have been greater given the climate urgency. According to her, there are still political and financial barriers that limit the pace of necessary transformation.
Main approved agreements
Even with moments of tension, such as the temporary suspension of the plenary session following questions from Latin American countries, COP30 advanced on structuring themes. Among the approvals:
- Mutirão (CMA.6): Central document that reaffirms the commitment to the global transition to low emissions and the acceleration of national goals aligned with the 1.5°C limit.
- Just Transition Work Program: Creation of a mechanism to support policies that guarantee job creation and inclusion during the energy transition.
- Global Stocktake: Continuity of the evaluation of the actions of the Paris Agreement, considering recommendations from COP28 in Dubai.
- Article 2.1(c): Reaffirms the alignment of international financial flows with low-emission economies and greater resilience.
- Response Measures: Approval of a forum dedicated to the socioeconomic impacts of the energy transition, with a focus on employment and competitiveness.
- Loss and Damage Fund: Approved guidelines for operationalizing the fund, with Barbados modalities allowing direct financing in 2025 and 2026.
- Adaptation Fund: Increase in the funding ceiling per country from US$10 million to US$25 million.
- Global Adaptation Goal (GGA): First global indicator framework to measure vulnerabilities and resilience actions.
