It is increasingly evident that the clothes we wear can be a route of exposure to potentially harmful chemicals. The problem does not just lie in the appearance or comfort of the pieces, but in the treatments and additives applied to the fabrics throughout the production chain. Many everyday items carry chemicals that can come into contact with the skin and, in some cases, accumulate in the body.
An invisible scratch on everyday clothes
According to ScienceDirect, a website specializing in scientific publications, fabrics commonly described as synthetic such as polyester, elastane and nylon are not in themselves synonymous with “poison”, but some finishes and additives used in these materials can migrate to the skin.
These additives include flame retardants, residual solvents and dyes with potentially harmful compounds. Instead of stating that fiber is intrinsically harmful, it is worth noting that the risk depends on the type of treatment, the amount present and the duration of contact with the skin.
PFAS and formaldehyde: persistent and irritating chemicals
PFAS, a family of per- and polyfluorinated compounds that includes PFOA and PFOS, are used to provide waterproofing and stain resistance. They are persistent in the environment and in the human body and have been linked to effects on the endocrine system, reduced fertility and increased risk of certain diseases with prolonged exposure.
Formaldehyde often appears in anti-wrinkle fabrics and in finishes to prevent shrinkage. It is a substance classified as carcinogenic at high or prolonged exposure and can cause irritation of the respiratory tract.
Cotton, pesticides and phthalates in accessories
Cotton, despite being a natural fiber, can be loaded with agricultural waste. Conventional production uses pesticides and some of these agents, particularly certain organophosphates, are neurotoxic. Acute, high-intensity exposure to these compounds can cause serious effects.
In PVC products such as belts, shoes and bags, the presence of phthalates used as plasticizers is common. Certain phthalates are recognized as endocrine disruptors and scientific literature associates them with reproductive risks under certain exposure conditions.
Microplastics and synthetic fibers
There is also the issue of microfibers and microplastics released by synthetic fabrics during washing and use. Studies have detected microplastics in human environments and in biological samples. The implications for human health are being investigated and, for now, conclusions about long-term effects remain uncertain.
According to the same source, human exposure to microplastics can occur through several routes, including ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact. This is considered an emerging warning in scientific research, as it indicates that synthetic fabrics may pose invisible and cumulative risks to health.
The bamboo myth
The fabric sold as bamboo fiber is, in most cases, viscose obtained chemically from cellulose. The transformation process may use carbon disulfide, a substance with environmental and occupational health concerns.
Many alleged advantages of bamboo, such as antibacterial properties or protection against ultraviolet rays, often result from additional treatments or marketing campaigns and are not inherent to the fiber.
Informed choices
Choosing less treated clothing and favoring production processes with environmental and safety certificates reduces exposure to many of these chemicals. Frequently washing new clothes before use and choosing items with clear finishing information also help to minimize contact.
Ultimately, and according to , informed choice remains the best defense. Reading labels, preferring materials with less chemical intervention and supporting chains with transparent production criteria are practical steps to reduce potential risks without sacrificing comfort or style.
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