Images analyzed by The New York Times indicate that the Israeli Army used white phosphorus munitions in inhabited regions of southern Lebanon during recent military operations. The conclusion was based on the verification of videos, photographs and statements from weapons experts consulted by the newspaper.
The records show characteristic smoke trails of the substance in areas close to the cities of Tire, Qlayaa, Khiam and Yohmor. One of the videos analyzed, released by the broadcaster Al Jazeera on May 30, there was military action in the Nabatieh region, where around 40 thousand people live.
International law imposes restrictions on the use of white phosphorus in areas with a civilian presence due to the potential to cause fires and serious burns.
According to experts interviewed by the New York Timesthe videos show evidence compatible with M825A1 artillery projectiles, manufactured in the United States.
This type of ammunition disperses white phosphorus into the air to create smoke barriers used in military operations. Although it can be used to conceal troop movements, the material also presents risks when used close to inhabited areas.
White phosphorus combusts when it comes into contact with oxygen, producing intense smoke and heat. Its use is subject to restrictions provided for in international agreements related to chemical and incendiary weapons.
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Israel’s response
The Israel Defense Forces told the newspaper that they use this type of ammunition for camouflage purposes and not to hit people or cause fires. According to the military, internal procedures prohibit the use of the material in populated areas, although they admit the existence of exceptions in certain operational circumstances.
O New York Times reported that it requested specific clarifications about the episodes recorded in southern Lebanon, but did not receive a response regarding the cases analyzed.
Israel’s use of white phosphorus has already been questioned in previous conflicts. Human rights organizations and international bodies investigated complaints related to the use of the substance in the Gaza Strip in 2009 and 2023, in addition to episodes that occurred in Lebanon during the 1982 and 2006 conflicts.
In 2013, after criticism from international entities, the Israeli Army announced that it would reduce the use of this type of ammunition in military operations.
