Decades later, scientists notice that this common drug for those who have diabetes act directly on the brain.
A new study revealed that the metformin, an essential medicine for the diabetes Type 2 60 years, may act directly in the brainpotentially opening doors to new therapeutic approaches.
Researchers identified a specific brainway affected by the drug, in addition to the effects already known on the liver and intestine.
Metformin has been understood as a reduction of blood glucose mainly by decreasing the production of glucose by the liver, with additional effects by the intestine.
However, the investigation team focused on the brain, recognizing its central role in regulating glucose metabolism throughout the body.
It is based on previous works that have associated a brain protein called rap1 with glucose metabolism, particularly in the region of ventromedial hypothalamus (HRS), an area of the brain linked to energy balance and metabolic control. Rat experiments have shown that metformin reaches the VMH, where it inhibits rap1, contributing to its antidiabetic effects.
Crucially, when rats were genetically modified so as not to rap1, metformin no longer influenced a diabetes -like condition, even if other drugs were still effective. This strongly suggests that the action of metformin in the brain occurs through a distinct mechanism from other treatments.
The investigators were also able to identify the neurons involved, finding that the SF1 neurons in the PSBH are activated by Metformin, indicating their direct role in the effects of the drug. Understanding this route can make the way to more targeted therapiesspecifically to these neurons, stresses the.
Metformin is recognized for its safety, lasting effectiveness and accessibility. In addition to controlling blood glucose by reducing hepatic glucose production and improving insulin efficiency, the drug now seems to act to lower brain concentrations than in liver or intestines.
The discovery has broader implications. Previous studies suggest that metformin can slow brain aging and prolong life, and this new knowledge about its neural action can expand its potential uses. Human studies will be needed to confirm these results, but researchers are optimistic that understanding how metformin acts in the brain can lead to greater efficacy and new treatments for metabolic and neurological conditions.
“This discovery changes the way we think about metformin,” Makoto Fukuda, study leader. “It does not only act in the liver or intestine; also acts in the brain. ”
With decades of use and now a deeper understanding of its mechanisms, Metformin can start a new chapter, not only as a pillar in the treatment of diabetes, but also as a drug with broader brain health applications.
