World Thrombosis Day is celebrated on October 13th, a date created by the International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) to alert the population about one of the most underestimated diseases today.
Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms inappropriately within the veins or arteries, hindering or blocking circulation. In many cases, these clots can travel and reach important organs, causing serious complications such as lung obstruction, which can be fatal. It is estimated that, worldwide, thrombosis is related to one in four deaths, a number that is impressive and reinforces the urgency of raising awareness.
What can cause thrombosis and signs to watch out for
Deep vein thrombosis is the most common form of the disease, generally occurring in the legs. The main symptoms are swelling, pain, a sensation of heat and a change in the color of the skin of the affected limb. However, many cases progress silently, without obvious signs, which makes early diagnosis more difficult.
Risk factors include prolonged periods without moving (such as long trips or hospitalizations), recent surgeries, use of contraceptives, pregnancy, being overweight, smoking and family history of the disease. People with cancer and those who have had Covid-19 are also at increased risk, as intense inflammation favors the formation of clots.
According to ISTH data, thrombosis kills more people annually than the combined cases of breast cancer, prostate cancer, HIV/AIDS and traffic accidents. In Brazil, it is estimated that around 180,000 new cases occur every year, a number that may be underestimated due to the lack of diagnosis in regions with less access to healthcare. Despite their severity, many of these incidents could be avoided with simple prevention measures and quality information.
How to prevent and treat: information is essential
Prevention of thrombosis involves healthy habits and practical attitudes in everyday life. Keeping moving, avoiding sitting or standing for a long time, drinking fluids regularly and controlling risk factors such as being overweight, smoking and a sedentary lifestyle are essential.
In specific situations — such as after surgery, long flights or bedridden patients — the use of compression stockings and, in some cases, medication to prevent clot formation should be advised by a doctor.
When diagnosed early, thrombosis can be treated with medications that prevent the clot from growing and reduce the risk of more serious problems. Regular medical monitoring is essential to adjust doses and monitor possible side effects. In advanced cases, when it affects the lung, it becomes a medical emergency that requires immediate care.
World Thrombosis Day is a reminder that information saves lives. Recognizing risk factors, valuing warning signs and adopting simple preventive measures are attitudes that make all the difference. With adequate attention and care, thrombosis can be prevented and treated effectively, preserving the health and lives of millions of people.
*Text written by vascular surgeon Andréa Klepacz (CRM/SP 128.575 | RQE 51419), member of Brazil Health
