The use of diabetes medicines is growing among those seeking to live longer and better; Experts warn that the benefits exist, but consumption without indication can bring risks and does not replace healthy habits
In recent years, some originally developed for the treatment of cancer have sparked interest outside of the traditional medical setting. Among them, SGLT2 inhibitors, such as empagliflozin (Jardiance) and dapagliflozin (Forxiga), have gained ground in discussions about longevity and even in biohacking communities.
How they work
These medications act on the kidneys, preventing the reabsorption of glucose and increasing its elimination in the urine. The result is improved glycemic control, weight reduction and a drop in blood pressure in patients with diabetes. Additionally, clinical studies point to additional benefits, such as cardiovascular and kidney protection, which helps explain some of the enthusiasm around them.
Other remedies on the agenda
In addition to SGLT2 inhibitors, other medications have also entered the longevity radar:
- GLP-1 receptor agonists (such as semaglutide and liraglutide): initially developed for diabetes, are now widely used in the treatment of obesity. They demonstrate benefits in weight reduction, improved insulin sensitivity and reduced cardiovascular risk. Recent studies also suggest that these medications may have a role in neuroprotection, acting to reduce inflammatory processes in the central nervous system, improving neuronal plasticity and possibly reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
- Metformin: has been studied for decades and remains among the most promising drugs in the context of longevity. Research suggests that it can reduce the risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, in addition to modulating pathways associated with cellular aging (such as AMPK and mTOR). The TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin) study seeks to precisely evaluate its impact on the aging process.
The look of longevity
Researchers and longevity enthusiasts see these drugs as possible shortcuts to delay metabolic and brain aging. The logic is that by reducing glucose, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, they could protect not only against cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, but also against age-associated cognitive decline. This opened up space for off-label use in people without diabetes, often without sufficient scientific support.
Trends and risks
Despite initial evidence, there is still no consensus that these medications should be used in healthy individuals. Each class brings specific risks:
- SGLT2: urinary and genital infections, dehydration, hypotension, diabetic ketoacidosis.
- GLP-1: nausea, vomiting, risk of pancreatitis, loss of lean mass when monitoring is inadequate.
- Metformin: gastrointestinal disorders, risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, rare cases of lactic acidosis.
Another important point is that indiscriminate use can generate a false sense of security, replacing habits proven to be effective in promoting longevity, such as a balanced diet, quality sleep, physical activity and stress management.
Conclusion
The interest in diabetes medications as preventive health tools reflects the growing search for strategies to age with more quality, autonomy and cognitive preservation. However, outside the context of specific diseases such as diabetes and heart failure, there is a lack of robust studies that prove safety and efficacy in healthy people.
Therefore, before thinking about adopting any medication as an anti-aging strategy, it is essential to remember: longevity cannot be achieved with shortcuts, but with science, lifestyle and qualified medical monitoring.
Dr. Filippo Pedrinola – CRM 62253 / SP – Eqr 26961
Endocrinology and National Head of Brazil Health
