In the state of the Vatican City, a religious enclave located in Rome, the internal structure of the Holy See is again analyzed with the magnifying glass with the beginning of the papal succession process. The change of leadership brought the income from the hierarchy members and the other workers of the institution again to the public discussion.
Leadership change generates financial scrutiny
Pope Francis’ departure generated interest not only in the religious sphere, but also on the administrative and financial functioning of the Vatican. One of the most approached topics concerns salaries paid to different categories of collaborators of the Holy See.
Although Pope Francis stated in 2019 that he did not receive any salary, the remaining elements of the Roman Curia maintain fixed salaries. Cardinals, in particular, occupy the top of the remuneration table. According to, a cardinal with prominent functions can receive between 4,000 and 5,000 euros per month, well above the European average.
Salary cuts during the pandemic
To face the financial difficulties caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, a 10% cut in cardinal salaries was decreed in April 2021. The measure was taken by order of the then Pope Francis, through an apostolic letter, and was intended to preserve the jobs of secular staff and to ensure the budgetary stability of the Vatican.
In addition to the monthly salary, cardinals have access to a set of additional benefits, such as Vatican or Rome subsidized residence, free medical assistance and preferential conditions in city-state commercial establishments, where prices are smaller than abroad.
Salary difference between laicos workers
The reality of secular staff is quite different. The salaries in this group oscillate between 1,200 and 3,000 euros monthly, depending on the function and antiquity. This category includes administrative workers, safety, maintenance and logistics support.
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Bishops and priests with intermediate salaries
Between the two extremes are the bishops and priests, whose monthly salaries range from 1,500 to 2,500 euros. This intermediate track is composed of elements that occupy relevant religious positions, but without the administrative responsibilities of the upper Curia.
The financial hierarchy within the Vatican reflects the very ecclesiastical structure of the Catholic Church, where the degree of spiritual and organizational responsibility is proportional to the income and perks awarded. This relationship between clerical status and economic benefits has been the target of attention by faithful and researchers.
Comparison with the Portuguese reality
Compared to Portugal, these differences become more evident. The Portuguese national minimum wage is currently fixed in 870 euros gross per month. Even the secular worker is better paid in the Vatican receives more than triple of this amount, and a cardinal can earn more than five times the Portuguese minimum wage.
The disclosure of these data has fueled the debate on salary justice within the church and the alignment between the votes of humility and the level of living of some of its representatives. In times of requirement of greater transparency in the institutions, these discrepancies do not go unnoticed.
Financial transparency efforts
The Vatican has sought, in recent years, to implement financial reforms that promote more rigor in accounts and spending control. However, internal wage disparities remain one of the most sensitive and debated themes.
Despite the measures adopted after pandemic, including salary cuts and expenses containment, the difference between the various levels of hierarchy remains significant, reflecting not only different functions but also rooted traditions.
Uncertain future with the new leadership
With the new papal lead by defining, attention remains focused on decisions that will be made regarding the Holy See administration, including any changes in salary policy and working conditions of its employees.
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