Brazil has 88 confirmed cases of mpox and another 171 suspected cases, according to data from the Ministry of Health’s epidemiological panel. The latest update, carried out this Tuesday, 24, includes confirmed episodes in Minas Gerais (3) and Paraná (1). To date, there have been no deaths related to the disease.
The highest concentration of confirmed cases is in the State of São Paulo, with 63 records. Next comes Rio de Janeiro, with 15. Throughout 2025, 1,045 confirmed cases and three deaths were recorded.
The disease
Mpox, also known as monkeypox, is caused by the MPXV virus, and transmission occurs through contact with infected people (via hugs, kisses, sexual intercourse or skin lesions) or materials contaminated by the microorganism, such as clothing and cutlery. The incubation period, according to the ministry, can vary from three to 21 days.
The main symptoms are rashes or skin lesions, swollen lymph nodes, fever, body aches, headache, chills and weakness. Signs usually last two to four weeks. It is recommended that, when experiencing symptoms, the individual seeks medical help.
In cases where contact with infected people is necessary, the folder recommends the use of gloves and masks as a preventive measure.
Measures such as frequent hand washing with soap and water, the use of alcohol gel and regular cleaning of clothes, sheets and towels are also recommended. Furthermore, it is important to sanitize and disinfect surfaces and ensure the proper disposal of contaminated waste.
Vaccination
In Brazil, vaccination against mpox began in 2023, after the National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa) approved the provisional use of an immunizer known as Jynneos or Imvanex, produced by the pharmaceutical company Bavarian Nordic.
Immunizers must be administered in two doses, with an interval of four weeks between doses. They are aimed at specific groups:
Pre-exposure: people between 18 and 49 years old who live with HIV/AIDS and professionals who work directly in contact with the virus in laboratories. If a vaccine is available online, immunization may also be indicated for individuals undergoing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In these cases, the guidance is that the vaccine should be administered with an interval of 30 days between any previously administered vaccine.
Post-exposure: people over 18 years of age who were exposed to the mpox virus through direct or indirect contact with fluids and secretions from an infected person, which can happen by touching the skin or mucosa; by sexual intercourse; by inhaling droplets in closed public spaces; by sharing objects, especially sharp objects. In these cases, the recommendation is that the vaccine be administered within four days after exposure. Only in exceptional situations can immunization be carried out within 14 days, but with reduced effectiveness.
The strategy of vaccinating only these audiences is due to limited production and access to vaccines.
*Estadão Content
