Although most episodes are not associated with serious conditions, some signs act as a warning
Feeling of light head, imbalance, everything spinning: dizziness is a frequent complaint in doctors’ offices and can directly affect routine and quality of life. Despite being common, the term is broad and tends to generate confusion. While dizziness describes spatial disorientation, vertigo is a more specific condition, marked by the sensation of movement, as if the environment or the body itself were spinning, even when stationary.
In Brazil, the problem is more widespread than one might imagine. The study “Population epidemiological study of the prevalence of dizziness in the city of São Paulo”, carried out in the city of São Paulo, in 2012, by researchers from the University of São Paulo (USP), with support from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), indicates an even higher prevalence: around 42% among adults, with a higher incidence in women and the elderly. Even so, although 27% report an impact on daily activities, less than half seek medical attention.
In the first case of elderly people, it occurs due to the natural aging of the vestibular system and the greater presence of associated diseases. In the case of women, due to the influence of hormonal factors.
Causes of dizziness
In clinical practice, the perception is of growth in cases. According to otorhinolaryngologist José Carlos Convento Júnior, from Vera Cruz Centro Médico Indaiatuba, contemporary factors help to explain this scenario. “Stress, anxietysedentary lifestyle, excessive use of technology and even possible post-covid-19 sequelae are among the main triggers”, he states. Among the most common causes are vestibular neuritis, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) — known as “crystal dizziness” —, vestibular migraine and metabolic changes.
In the case of prolonged use of screens, excessive exposure can cause eye fatigue and interfere with the integration between vision and balance, in addition to promoting poor posture and physical inactivity.
Warning signs
Although most episodes are not associated with serious conditions, some signs act as warnings. Sudden and intense dizziness, especially when accompanied by difficulty speaking, swallowing or walking, loss of strength, double vision, headache or chest pain, rapid heartbeat or fainting, requires immediate medical evaluation.
Imagem: fizkes | ShutterstockDiagnosis and treatment of dizziness
The diagnosis is essentially clinical, based on the patient’s history and physical examination, with the support of complementary exams when necessary. Treatment, in turn, varies depending on the cause. “Most cases can be controlled with changes in habits. In specific situations, such as BPPV, simple therapeutic maneuvers usually resolve the issue”, he highlights.
Prevention and care
Preventing dizziness involves relatively simple measures: a balanced diet, good hydration, regular sleep, physical exercise and stress control. It is also recommended to avoid long periods of fasting, excessive alcohol and caffeine consumption, as well as prolonged use of screens.
When symptoms become frequent or persistent, the guidance is clear: seek specialized evaluation. “Listening to the body and seeking medical assistance are fundamental steps to avoid complications and recover quality of life”, concludes the otorhinolaryngologist.
By Aline Telles
