O Autism Spectrum Disorderknown as TEAis a condition that mainly affects communication, social interaction and behavior.
It is called a “spectrum” precisely because it can manifest itself in very different ways in each person, from mild cases to more complex conditions.
In recent years, the number of diagnoses has increased significantly around the world. Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows that by 2025, about 1 in 31 children will be on the spectrum, a significant increase compared to previous decades. This scenario raises an important question: are there more cases or are we identifying better?
According to the pediatrician Anna Dominguez Bohnthe main reason is the advancement of science. “The increase in diagnoses is closely related to the advancement of science, with better tools and greater understanding of child development”, he explains.
Furthermore, diagnostic criteria have also evolved. Currently, doctors observe two large groups of signs: difficulties in social communication and repetitive behavior patterns or restricted interests. As these criteria have become broader and more detailed, more people can be identified within the spectrum.
Another important point is that the diagnosis is not made through laboratory or imaging tests. It is clinical, based on observation of the child’s behavior over time. “There is no single test that confirms autism. The diagnosis requires a careful assessment, carried out over time”, highlights the doctor.
There is also the possibility that environmental factors and modern lifestyles may influence this increase, but this is still being studied. So far, there is no definitive answer about the impact of these factors, which keeps the topic as a “mystery” under investigation.
The great diversity within the spectrum also makes everything more complex. “Each child on the spectrum is unique,” says the pediatrician. Some may speak well but have difficulty with social interactions, while others have more obvious developmental delays. This can cause some cases to be diagnosed later, or even confused.
One of the most important recent advances is early identification. Studies show that screening in pediatric consultations can bring the diagnosis forward in important months. “We are talking about a period of intense brain plasticity, in which early interventions can significantly change the child’s development”, explains Anna.
This earlier allows you to start therapies and follow-ups that help develop communication, autonomy and quality of life. Furthermore, it also facilitates support for families, who begin to better understand the child’s needs.
Experts also reinforce that the diagnosis should not be seen as a label. “The diagnosis is not the end, but a starting point”, concludes the doctor.
