General information on types of radiation, climatic factors and product characteristics for an informed choice
Sun protection is fundamental care for skin health, preventing damage such as burns, premature aging and the development of skin cancer. In a region with the geographic and climatic characteristics of Santa Catarina, which records high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation especially during the summer, choosing an appropriate sunscreen becomes even more relevant. This article offers general information to help understand the factors involved in selecting a photoprotector, without replacing the advice of a healthcare professional.
Understanding solar radiation and the particularities of Santa Catarina’s climate
The sunlight that reaches Earth contains different types of radiation. The best known and most relevant for skin health are UVA and UVB. UVB radiation is the main cause of sunburn (redness), while UVA radiation penetrates deeper into the skin, being associated with skin aging and an increased risk of skin cancer. An effective sunscreen should offer protection against both types, known as “broad spectrum” protection.
Santa Catarina’s climate has particularities that influence solar exposure. The state has an extensive coastline, where radiation can be intensified by reflections in the sand and water. Furthermore, even on cloudy or foggy days, a significant amount of UV radiation passes through the clouds, making daily protection essential all year round, not just at the beach or pool.
Factors to consider when choosing sunscreen
Selecting a sunscreen should take into account a combination of factors, including the level of protection, the individual’s skin type and intended use.
- Sun Protection Factor (SPF): The FPS indicates the level of protection against UVB radiation. The Brazilian Society of Dermatology (SBD) recommends the use of sunscreens with a minimum SPF of 30 for daily use. For more intense exposures, such as on beaches, swimming pools or during outdoor sports, higher factors may be indicated.
- UVA Protection: Protection against UVA radiation is equally important. On labels, it can be indicated by the acronym PPD (Persistent Pigment Darkening), by the symbol “UVA” inside a circle or by the description “broad spectrum”. The recommendation is that the UVA protection factor is at least one third of the FPS value.
- Skin Type: The texture of the product, also called vehicle, must be compatible with the skin type to ensure comfort and adhesion to use.
- Oily or acne-prone skin: Give preference to light textures, such as gel, serum, or oil-free lotions with a dry touch.
- Dry peels: Cream products or lotions with moisturizing active ingredients may be more comfortable.
- Sensitive skin: Sunscreens with physical (or mineral) filters, such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, are often better tolerated.
- Water and sweat resistance: For activities that involve intense sweating or contact with water, it is essential to choose a product labeled “water resistant” or “very water resistant”.
Correct application for effective protection
The effectiveness of sunscreen not only depends on the choice of product, but also on its correct and consistent application. Following some general guidelines is essential to ensure adequate protection.
- Amount: Applying a generous and uniform layer of the product is crucial. A general rule is the “teaspoon rule”, which guides the approximate amount for each part of the body.
- Advance: Sunscreen should be applied to dry skin, approximately 15 to 30 minutes before sun exposure, to allow absorption and formation of a protective layer.
- Reapplication: Reapplication is essential to maintain protection. It should be done every two hours, or more frequently after excessive sweating, contact with water or when drying with a towel.
- Neglected areas: It is common to forget to apply the product to areas such as the ears, back of the neck, neck, back of the hands and feet, which are also exposed and vulnerable to sun damage.
This guide presents general information on how to select and use a sunscreen, focusing on the climate conditions of Santa Catarina. Choosing the ideal product depends on an individual assessment of skin characteristics and lifestyle. The information contained in this article is for educational purposes and does not replace consultation with a dermatologist. Any questions about the health of your skin or the recommendation of the most suitable product should be discussed with a qualified professional.
